AxesController) The multi-axis motion controller is a dual-CPU numerical control system with CNC module and industrial control unit as the system support unit. It realizes two levels of openness: customization and parameterization of human-machine interface and non-real-time control components; real-time control components Parameterization. 1 CNC system hardware structure 1.1PMAC multi-axis motion controller PMAC multi-axis motion controller is a product of DeltaTau, USA, is a controller with high-performance servo motion. It utilizes Motorola's DSP56001/56002 digital signal processor to control up to 18 axes simultaneously. The program stored in the internal program can be executed separately, and the motion program and the PLC program can be executed, and the servo loop can be updated and communicated with the host computer by the serial port and the bus. PMAC also automatically discriminates task priorities for real-time multitasking. This function makes it greatly reduce the burden on the host and the programmer in terms of processing time and task switching, and improves the running speed and control accuracy of the entire control system. 1.2 CNC system hardware structure and working principle The control center of the CNC system is based on the industrial control machine (IPC) platform, using PMAC multi-axis motion controller and dual port memory (DPRAM). The CPU on the industrial computer and the CPU of the PMAC (DSP56001) constitute a master-slave dual microprocessor structure. PMAC mainly completes the movement of the three axes of the machine tool and the control of the switch volume of the control panel. The industrial computer mainly realizes the management function of the system. In order to realize the function of PMAC multi-axis motion control, it is necessary to expand the corresponding I/O board, servo drive unit, servo motor, encoder, etc. on the PMAC board to form a complete CNC system. Its structural principle is as shown. (l) There are two ways to communicate between the PMAC motion controller and the host. One is bus communication; the other is to use DPRAM for data communication. The host and the PMAC motion controller communicate mainly through the PC bus, and the data of the control card and the motor, the motor position, the speed, the following error and the like are exchanged through the DPRAM. The bus communication mode refers to the host going to the specified address to find the PMAC motion controller, wherein the specified address is determined by the jumper of the PMAC. Dual port RAM is mainly used for fast data communication and command communication with PMAC. On the one hand, when the dual port RAM writes data to the PMAC, the location data information or the program information can be quickly downloaded in real time; on the other hand, when the dual port RAM reads data from the PMAC, it can be quickly and repeatedly obtained. Status information of the system. For example, data such as status, position, speed, and following error of the AC servo motor can be continuously updated and can be automatically written to the DPRAM by the PLC or PMAC. Since the data access of the DPRAM does not need to be sent through the communication port and waits. Responsive, so the system's response speed and processing accuracy are improved, and the quick communication between the modules in the control system and the setting of the address table are also facilitated, which reduces the programming difficulty. Serial port parallel port keyboard floppy disk drive video I. Main CPU board and main I view card I ISA bus board 2I servo signal transfer board A/D board 1 TZ axis servo unit and frequency conversion 1 profiling motor control panel machine tool electrical power cabinet I /O signal CNC system structure schematic interface input and output realized. In the control system, the input signals of the PLC are mainly: the control panel and the control buttons on the machine tool, the selection switch and other signals; the stroke switch of each axis, the mechanical zero point switch and other signals; the machine tool electrical action, limit, alarm and other signals ; contactor, pneumatic switch contact and other signals in the power cabinet; working status signals of each servo module. These signals are sent to the intelligent I/O interface after being optically isolated. Photoelectric isolation effectively isolates the computer digital channel from the external process analog channel, greatly reducing the interference of external factors and improving the reliability and stability of the whole system. The signals output by the PLC mainly include: indicator signals; control signals such as control relays, contactors, solenoid valves, etc.; drive enable and speed enable signals of the servo module. These signals are sent to the corresponding relays via the I/O interface to control the corresponding appliances. 2 CNC system software design The CNC system software is divided into two parts: PMAC real-time control software and system management software. The design of the real-time control software fully considers the openness of the software, and the user can add functional modules of the software according to certain specific requirements. The real-time control software mainly includes interpolation module, servo drive module, PLC monitoring module, machining program interpretation module, data acquisition and digital processing module. Its function block diagram is as shown. PMAC real-time control software module map interpolation module includes linear interpolation, circular interpolation and spline interpolation. PMAC also provides a PVT (Position-Speed-Time) motion mode that provides direct and compact control of the trajectory pattern. Users can select and combine the above modes. The servo drive module can select the PID position loop servo filter, notch filter or spread filter and set its control parameters. Users can also customize their own servo algorithms to achieve personalized servo control. PLC monitoring module mainly includes watchdog PLC, power-on PLC, main PLC, indicator management PLC and power-off PLC. The watchdog PLC is started immediately after PMAC is powered on, it continuously reads the count of an address unit in DPRAM. The value is used to determine whether the host enters the CNC system. When the difference between two adjacent readings is greater than a certain number, it starts the power-on PLC and powers up the entire CNC system; when it reads less than a certain number, it starts the power-off PLC, shutting down the whole CNC system. The main PLC is used to complete the task of monitoring the input and output of the control panel and the machine tool. It mainly includes the operation of manual and automatic functions, and the control of the spindle motion. PLC programming first needs to mirror the I/O port and the DPRAM address, and operate the I/O port by operating some units of the DPRAM. For example, the DPRAM address associated with the host DLL is defined next, so that the IPC shares the storage space with the PMAC to exchange information. For example: DDFO //The command word VSFEEDOVERRIDEMM50 of the rotary switch on the control panel defines the unused address in the DPRAM, thus realizing the user-defined communication function. Such as: automatic manual mode of the system, commands such as positive and negative rotation of the spindle, status information; numerical values ​​such as feedrate override and spindle speed. The machining program interpretation module is composed of a G code interpretation program, an M code decoding program, and a T code interpretation program. These interpreters are edited and debugged under the PEWIN executable and downloaded to the fixed memory of the PMAC, which is automatically called by the PMAC during actual processing. In addition, parameters such as servo interruption time and motor phase are set by the PEWIN execution program, thereby realizing the parameterization of real-time control components. The digital module uses a special control algorithm based on the feedback information of the three-dimensional profilometer to realize the tracking scan of the workpiece and complete the data acquisition on the surface of the workpiece. The system management software mainly implements initialization, parameter input and processing program editing, system management and dual CPU communication. Its function block diagram is as shown. System Management Software I Initialization 致¥Input and i-Process 丨 Troubleshooting 丨丨 System kaifcpul System Management Software Module Diagram In the system management software, the development of dual-CPU communication programs is large and skillful. The upper computer and lower computer program of this CNC system are compiled by using the Pcomm32 dynamic link library and PTALKDT control provided by Delta Tau. Pcmm32 includes all the ways of communicating with PMAC, and classifies and encapsulates its main functions, and finally forms the ActiveX control PTALKDT. The communication program compiled by the program realizes the download of the processing program, PLC program and motion program, and the instruction of the host computer to PMAC. Transmission and PMAC communication functions such as status feedback of the host computer. The human-machine interface such as system configuration, NC program editing, machining control, fault diagnosis and parameter input is compiled by Vlsual Basic language. It utilizes Windows rich GUI function and 32-bit processing capability. Development of CK6130 small CNC lathe Zhang Lixin Wang Weibing Wu Jie (Xinjiang Shihezi University) The lathe body is modified by the old ordinary lathe and equipped with a 4-station electric knife holder to realize the multi-functional low-cost automation of the lathe. At present, economical CNC machine tools are still the most demanding CNC machine tools in China. Utilizing the existing idle old machine tools and transforming them into a new high-efficiency and versatile economical CNC machine tool through numerical control, it is an effective method for revitalizing the stock funds and one of the roads to achieve automation at low cost. The CK6130 small CNC lathe we developed is the exploration and practice of this idea. 1 Working principle CK6130 small CNC lathe consists of two parts: the microcomputer numerical control system and the machine body. When machining the workpiece, firstly program the NC program of the workpiece, then input the CNC program that can be checked into the numerical control device, and then calculate the feed pulse sequence according to the program command by the numerical control device, and then the multi-function NC board performs pulse distribution, and the power amplifier or After the power is amplified by the driving power source, a control signal of the driving device is formed, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the machine tool spindle, starting and stopping, the moving direction, the speed and the displacement of the feeding system, and the selection of the tool, the start and stop of the cooling and lubrication, etc. The tool and workpiece and other auxiliary devices work strictly in accordance with the sequence, stroke and parameters specified by the NC program, thus processing the shape, size and precision to achieve a friendly human-machine interface. 3 Conclusion The CNC system is based on the general industrial control machine. It adopts the powerful motion controller PMAC to undertake real-time tasks such as interpolation calculation, position control and speed control, achieving two levels of openness, making the CNC system have special The system has better human-computer interaction capability and upper-level application system integration capability, which is convenient for manufacturers and users to customize and adjust the system functions, so that the system has better adaptability. The numerical control system has been applied to the development of the SKB2320A wall panel milling machine and has achieved good results. (Finish) Our nozzles are engineered to meet the exact OEM specifications of our laser machines. The unique one-piece nozzle design reduces nozzle centering and prevents a buildup of slag. Laser Products,Laser Nozzles,Laser Lens,Ceramic Laser Ring Changzhou Edaweld Trading Company Limited , https://www.edaweld.com
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