Zhejiang “Five Hua” uses the help of straw to “turn waste into treasure”

Zhejiang “Five Hua” uses the help of straw to “turn waste into treasure”

Every time the crop harvest season, the treatment of straw will always become a topic that cannot be avoided. Incineration has been banned, and the effective use of the method needs to be extended. The transformation of straw from “chicken ribs” to resources has become a problem that must be solved in the development of modern agriculture.

In recent years, Jiaxing and Huzhou in Zhejiang Province have actively explored effective ways to comprehensively utilize straw, increased policy support, introduced advanced technology, and utilized various methods such as fertilizer, feed, and energy for straw. The effective straw comprehensive utilization mode has effectively promoted the beautiful pastoral construction.

"Five Hua" uses waste to be treasure

In recent years, Zhejiang Province has actively explored the use of crop straws. Through experiments in Hangzhou Xiaoshan, Ningbo Yinzhou and Jiashan, it has initially realized the fertilizer, energy, feed, base, storage and utilization of straw.

In the use of straw returning to the field, many places have vigorously promoted the smashing and returning of straw machinery to achieve fertilizer utilization. Changxing County promoted the rice straw, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and covered the field, and the utilization rate of returning to the field reached 72%; Ningbo Yinzhou District promoted the “Ecological Live Broadcasting Technology for the Production of Waste Grass Covered with Alfalfa Evening Rice” with an area of ​​about 40,000 mu, which will be abandoned. (Straw) as a cover for late rice production, realize turning waste into treasure; Lanxi City promotes small radish straw cover technology in the main grain growers and small radish enterprises, and through the continuous return of rice stalks for several years, the soil organic matter increases by 3%. -5%, the output of small radishes increased by 10%-15%, and the yield per mu could reach 1300-1600 kg; the innovative farming system of Luqiao District of Taizhou City established a demonstration area of ​​11,000 mu of rice and vegetable rotation in the main producing area of ​​broccoli. After the broccoli is harvested, the leaves and stems left in the field are turned into the field to make the base fertilizer of the early rice. The early rice is harvested by the full-feeding harvester, and the straw is crushed and returned to the field for broccoli to grow the base fertilizer. Fertilizer expenditure is about 60 yuan. It is precisely under the vigorous promotion of various places that the utilization rate of straw fertilizer in Zhejiang Province has been continuously improved in recent years. The utilization of straw fertilizer in the province last year reached 7.26 million tons, and the utilization rate was 64.93%.

In addition to the use of fertilizer for field farming, Zhejiang Province has also actively promoted the use of straw energy, feed, and base materials, and made articles on the use of straw for field use. In terms of energy utilization, Cangnan is engaged in the production of straw straw solidified fuel, which replaces coal for industrial heating and forms a “stalk-fuel rod-heating” model. Longquan broke through the key technologies of corn, straw and bamboo shoot straw silage. Through silage, it changed the traditional mode of using dry straw as feed, reduced cost and improved nutritional value, and silage roughage could still maintain the same quality for two years, effectively realized. Feed utilization of straw. Jiashan uses rice, wheat stalks and fruit branches as raw materials to produce edible fungi and rice seedlings. The slag is directly returned to the field as organic fertilizer to form an ecological cycle model of “stalk-edible mushroom-bacteria-organic fertilizer”. It reached 22.5 million square feet and the straw base material utilization was 44,500 tons.

Many places have also adopted socialized services to build a storage and transportation system to promote the large-scale utilization of straw. The Jiangdong Ecological Cycle Agriculture Demonstration Zone in Hangzhou has set up a crop straw collection and treatment center to carry out unified straw mechanical crushing on the 100,000 mu of cultivated land in the region, or to pick up and bale operations, which greatly improved the straw utilization rate; Cangnan County chose to use early rice. In Yishan Town, where the planting of straw and straw is widely absorbed, the demonstration of full quantitative utilization of straw is carried out, and a complete straw field collection, storage and transportation system is established in the town area to realize full quantitative utilization of early rice straw; Changxing, Shangyu and Lanxi , Longyou, Longquan and other places use biomass power plants to speed up the promotion and application of mechanized combined operations of crop collection, picking and bundling, and construction of straw storage facilities. According to statistics, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in the 10 pilot counties of Zhejiang Province last year was above 92%, which was 2.3 percentage points higher than the province's average utilization rate.

Policy support

In order to overcome the constraints of high cost of returning straw to the field, low enthusiasm of retail investors, and difficulty in law enforcement against burning, since 2014, many places have actively carried out investigations and studies, formulated support policies, strengthened supervision and law enforcement, and promoted the effective use of crop straw by agricultural operators.

In 2014, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Department of Finance adjusted the subsidy policy for agricultural machinery, and added subsidies to all the sub-files of waste treatment equipment, picking and baling machines, balers, straw crushing machines, and smashing machines. The central subsidy equals the local subsidy. For the full-feeding combine harvester, the stalk chopping belt dispersing device and the second cutting knife are added, and a local subsidy of 3,500 yuan is added. In addition, through the central and provincial air pollution prevention special funds and the provincial ecological recycling agricultural special funds, etc., the financial support was increased, and the pilot counties (cities, districts) such as Zhangzhou, Cangnan, Changxing and Shangyu also issued subsidy policies to promote Comprehensive utilization of straw.

In addition to policy support, the General Office of the Provincial Government issued the “Division Plan for the Key Work Departments of the Zhejiang Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan” and the “Measures for the Implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution Prevention in Zhejiang Province”, taking the comprehensive utilization of straw and the ban on burning as the local The government has an important assessment indicator, implements responsibility at all levels, and strengthens the assessment to curb open burning. Changxing County establishes the depositor system for the responsible person. The responsible person personally pays the deposit to the county finance, and awards the deposit according to the assessment result; all towns (streets) in Jiashan County have signed a responsibility letter for the prevention of straw burning target in all the villages, all the grain The household signed a letter of commitment to ban straw burning with the village, and voluntarily paid a deposit of 2,000 yuan per household. In the season when straw burning is prone to occur, the county environmental protection department and the township government organizes inspections and law enforcement inspections in key areas to prevent open burning of straw.

Construction mechanism to promote expansion

In the next step, Zhejiang Province will vigorously promote and promote the successful model, and combine the Zhejiang Province's “13th Five-Year” eco-circulation agricultural development plan to further deepen the comprehensive utilization of crop straw.

The agricultural department of Zhejiang Province will use the opportunity of the province to formulate the "Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Zhejiang Province" and strive to incorporate straw utilization and ban on burning to build a long-term mechanism. Continue to use the comprehensive utilization of straw as a special project for the provincial ecological cycle agricultural demonstration project, the whole county system ecological cycle agricultural construction project and the regional modern ecological cycle agricultural project, and give priority support. All localities will also use relevant special funds to explore the establishment of a comprehensive demonstration system for the full utilization of straw in the region with the basic principles of “regional planning, repayment and combination, policy guidance, and market operation” to form a full-year, fully quantified long-term use of straw in the region. Effective mechanism.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Agro-Energy Office, next year, Zhejiang Province will further expand the scope of promotion and application by increasing the comprehensive utilization rate of straw, eliminating open burning, and ensuring the quality of the atmospheric environment, and vigorously promote the smashing of straw machinery and picking up the fields. Baling, optimizing the utilization level of straw fertilizer, actively developing the energy utilization of straw solidification molding, carbonization, gasification, direct combustion, power supply, etc., and promote straw feed, base material and industrial raw material utilization according to local conditions. Strengthen the summary of applicable technologies for straw utilization, actively carry out research and development and experiment on new technologies and equipment for comprehensive utilization of straw, and organize the assembly, integration and demonstration of straw comprehensive utilization technology.

At the same time, it will further increase publicity efforts, through radio, television, newspapers, online and other publicity platforms, widely publicize the comprehensive use of straw laws and regulations, policy measures, practical technology, etc., to prohibit the open burning of straw to the villages, farmers, fields, Schools, etc., raise the awareness of the whole society about the dangers of open burning of straw and the sense of responsibility for protecting the atmospheric environment, and form a good atmosphere of “encouraging utilization and prohibiting incineration”.

(Original title: broken straw using the puzzle tree beautiful garden model

Summary of promoting the comprehensive utilization of crop straw in Zhejiang Province)