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The fundamental way out for Chinese agriculture: centralized small-scale farming
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The scale of operation is too small, which is not conducive to agricultural mechanization, technology, water conservancy, industrialization, specialization, and commercialization. As a result, agricultural modernization is difficult to achieve, leading to the imbalance between industrialization and agricultural modernization.
The fundamental way out for Chinese agriculture: centralized small-scale farming
The reform of the agricultural supply side has become the new head of the two-party hot words, Zhang Yuxi said -
“The rice stock is serious, but the Wuchang rice is in short supply; the sales of citrus are not smooth, but the southern navel orange is never sold off.†2017 is the deepening year of supply-side structural reform. At this year’s two sessions, “agricultural supply side reform "It has also become a hot word." In this regard, Zhang Yuxi, chairman of China's large agricultural product wholesale market, Beijing Xinfadi Agricultural Products Wholesale Market, said that the fundamental way out for China's agriculture lies in its scale. What China needs to do now is to organize small farmers to plant and establish a production and marketing docking mechanism. Extend the chain of interests, do brand agriculture, and realize the benefits, so that farmers can fully enjoy the benefits of agricultural industrialization.
The proportion of low quality agricultural products is too large
In the two sessions this year, the Jiu San Society submitted the "Proposal on Promoting the Market Role to Promote Structural Reform of the Agricultural Supply Side" in the form of a sectoral proposal. According to a survey conducted by the Jiu San Society, the current reality of China's agricultural surplus is that the proportion of low-quality agricultural products is too large. For example, the overall processing of deep-processed food such as bread is insufficient and requires a large amount of imports. For example, we often see that “rice stocks are serious, but Wuchang rice is in short supply; citrus sales are not smooth, but Gannan navel oranges are never sold off.â€
As a new place, Zhang Yuxi conducted an in-depth study of the "difficulties" of Chinese agriculture. He concluded that China's agriculture is roughly divided into three stages: one stage is after liberation to 1978, which is called the “shock eraâ€. At this stage, the serious supply of agricultural products is in short supply, and the high yield is a bumper harvest. The second phase was from 1978 to 2005, and this period was called the “development eraâ€. The products of this era are extremely rich, and the relationship between production and sales is “total balance, more than enough for a good yearâ€. The third stage is from 2005 to the present and is called the “circulation stageâ€. Selling at this stage is more important than the species. If you can't grow it, you can't sell it. The high yield is not necessarily good, and sometimes there is a dilemma of "the higher the output, the lower the income."
Regarding the current situation of China's agriculture, Zhang Yuxi believes that he has fallen into a strange circle. Chinese farmers do not make money for farming, and the average annual net income is 300 yuan/mu to 400 yuan/mu, which is far lower than the income of migrant workers. The state's subsidies for agricultural products have reached the ceiling, the purchase price is higher than the market price, and the prices of China's bulk agricultural products have been higher than the international market prices, resulting in imported agricultural products squeezed domestic agricultural products, farmers' income is lower.
The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in the scale
Zhang Yuxi said that agricultural production is divided into four parts, seed research and development, planting and breeding, transportation and sales. Among them, the risk of planting and breeding is high, and the profit is low, accounting for less than 10% of the total profit, which is exactly what the Chinese farmers are currently doing.
To solve the strange circle, the scale of agriculture is the fundamental way out. Zhang Yuxi said that agricultural reform is even more difficult than steel production reform because farmers are blind and farmers do not know what to do? In 2012, after the typhoon disaster in Hainan “Haiyanâ€, agricultural planting suffered extensive damage, but some mountainous vegetables escaped the typhoon, accounting for about 30% of the total planting. After the Spring Festival, the beans were actually sold for more than 8 pounds. Later, the farmers always settled their accounts and did not lose money. After summing up an unwritten law: the way out for the peasants lies in the "disaster"!
"This shows that the reason is that the cultivation of agricultural products is not as good as possible." Zhang Yuxi said that the scale of agriculture can also solve the problem of unsalable agricultural products. Chinese agriculture is a small circulation of large production. Chinese farmers are engaged in production and are blindly following the wind. For example, in February this year, Yunnan oil and wheat vegetables were slow-moving, and thousands of tons of vegetables were rotten in the ground. One of the main reasons was that farmers followed blindly, and the planting area increased greatly, resulting in excess production.
Therefore, Chinese agriculture needs a planned economy in a market economy. After the scale of agriculture, rural cooperative organizations can reasonably plan the annual planting area according to the market situation, form a chain of production and sales, and slowly solve the problem of slow sales.
"Branding" of agricultural products increases added value
In addition, China's agricultural products still have problems such as low brand credibility and low added value of products. Zhang Yuelin, general manager of Xinfadi Agricultural Products Wholesale Market, said that there is no worry about any product development in agriculture. With assured products, it is no good to form standardization. “We are all talking about food safety. If there is no brand, food safety is an empty talk. Because there is no brand, it is difficult to achieve traceability and it is difficult to supervise.â€
Zhang Yuelin, general manager of Xinfadi Market, said that agricultural products can develop geographical indication brands, such as Yantai's apples, Jinghua ham, Wuchang rice, etc. Geographical indications will soon be able to name the products. There are more than 2,000 geographical indication protection products in China, which exceeds the sum of the rest of the world, and more than 95% of them are agricultural and sideline products. These products are very popular in the domestic and international markets, and are the fist products of China's agriculture.
It is understood that the Xinfadi market is promoting “standardized†agricultural products, and encourages merchants to shift to “clean dishes†and “net fruit†trading models. At the same time, it also attempts to supply semi-finished products and clean dishes directly to canteens, institutions, enterprises, schools and other places, and products enter the kitchen. After the reduction of some processing links, the kitchen area and kitchen waste will be reduced, and the overall cost will also decrease. Xinfadi's own brand “Zhenpinhui†will also promote the “standardized†fruits and vegetables that limit price, weight and quality in China, and realize direct scanning and settlement, which can eliminate the link of scale.