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Source and composition of wastewater in rare earth production
The wastewater in rare earth production mainly comes from the process of rare earth ore dressing and wet smelting. The composition of the wastewater varies depending on the composition of the rare earth minerals and the chemical reagents used in the production. In general, since most of the rare earth minerals are accompanied by some natural radioactive elements and fluorine, the harmful components of the wastewater in the rare earth production are mainly radioactive elements derived from rare earth minerals ( uranium , thorium , radium), fluoride and from production. The acid, alkali, inorganic salt, organic solvent and the like used in the invention.
The wastewater discharged from rare earth production can be divided into radioactive wastewater, fluorine-containing wastewater and acid-base wastewater, as shown in the following table [1] .
The main waste water discharged in the production of rare earth Table
name
Containing harmful substances
source
Acidity (pH)
U/(mg/L)
Th/(mg/h
Ra/(mg/L)
F/(g/L)
Radioactive wastewater
Fluorine-containing acidic wastewater
Fluorine-containing alkaline wastewater
Acidic wastewater
3 to 4
0.41
10
1 to 2
1.4 to 1.6
4.7 to 7.3
7.5~10 -4
1.2 to 2.8
0.4 to 0.5
Algebraic ore treatment
Mixed rare earth mineral acid treatment
Mixed rare earth ore alkali treatment
Ionic rare earth mineral acid treatment
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The total alpha and beta ratio of the wastewater in the table is 180-370 Bq/L. The state stipulates that the discharge of waste liquid containing the above-mentioned harmful substances is [8] : total alpha radioactivity 1Bq/L, total beta radioactivity 10Bq/L, fluorine 10mg/L, pH 6-9.
It can be seen that the main waste water discharged from the production of rare earths exceeds the requirements of national standards and must be discharged after being treated to the standard.