R32, is increasingly gaining favour as
a low temperature refrigerant and as a replacement gas in some R410A
applications. R32 has a low GWP, providing a lower carbon footprint than most
other HFCs.
R32 has a better system efficiency, and it needs a smaller refrigerant charge. The significant problem is that R32 has a high discharge temperature. Its direct consequence is the oil degradation which can cause various compressor failures like bearing seizure, low system and compressor efficiency. So the discharge temperature should be limited at an acceptable level to make sure that system and compressor could work normally. Usually is to control discharge temperature by refrigerant.
R32 Refrigerant Gas,R32 Refrigerant Price,R32 Refrigerant,HFC-32 Gas Zhejiang Jinze Refrigerant Co.,Ltd , https://www.uiszl.com
· Small-displacement car purchase tax concessions will cost more than 2,000 yuan for the end of next month.
According to the notice issued jointly by the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, since January 1, 2018, consumers will purchase a passenger car with a displacement of 1.6 liters or less and a tax rate of 10% will be restored. Prior to this, the purchase tax will still maintain a tax rate of 7.5%. New energy vehicles that comply with national regulations will enjoy the policy of exempting vehicle purchase tax from the purchase tax rate adjustment.
Small-displacement car purchase tax is reduced from "half" to "75% off"
This purchase tax adjustment began in 2015. On September 29, 2015, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued the Notice on the Reduction of the Purchase Tax on Passenger Cars with a Discharge of 1.6 L or Less (Cai Shui [2015] No. 104). Announced that from October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016, the vehicle purchase tax will be levied at a rate of 5% on passenger cars with a displacement of 1.6 liters or less, which will be halved according to the previous 10% tax rate. .
On December 13, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the Notice on the Reduction of the Purchase Tax on Passenger Vehicles with a Discharge of 1.6 liters or Less (Cai Shui [2016] No. 136), targeting the previous 5% purchase tax rate. Some adjustments. It is pointed out that from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017, vehicle purchase tax will be levied at a rate of 7.5% on passenger cars with a displacement of 1.6 liters or less. From January 1, 2018, the vehicle purchase tax will be levied at a statutory rate of 10%.
How much more will the purchase tax on small-displacement vehicles be purchased from January 1 next year?
For car consumers, the purchase tax on small-displacement cars purchased from January 1 next year will be 2.5% higher than this year. Consumers can calculate the purchase tax payable for the purchased vehicle according to the calculation of the purchase tax.
The general automobile purchase tax is based on the purchase price shown in the valid certificate such as “Uniform Invoice for Motor Vehicle Sales†or “Special Payment for Customs Customsâ€, and should be calculated using the vehicle purchase tax deductible price after deducting the value-added tax. The general calculation formula is: vehicle purchase tax = car purchase / (1 + 7%) × purchase tax rate.
For example, when consumers purchase a 1.6-liter or less-displacement car with a price of 100,000 yuan this year, they should pay a purchase tax of 6,410 yuan, and the purchase price of the same model next year will be subject to a purchase tax of 8,547 yuan. More than 2137 yuan this year. At present, the models of up to 100,000 yuan will generally pay an additional tax of 2,000 yuan after the end of the purchase tax concession next year.
In today's auto market, the choice of 1.6L and below passenger cars is wider. In addition to the economic models with a price of 100,000 yuan or less, the joint-venture brand medium-sized cars with a price of more than 100,000 yuan or higher are available. Luxury brand midsize cars and SUVs have small displacement products.
Some insiders believe that at the end of the year, various auto brands are in the impulse stage, and the preferential margin is relatively large. In addition, some consumers intend to catch up with the “last train†of small-displacement model purchase tax concessions, or will be in the next half. The formation of a small car boom in the month.