Metal bismuth and antimony alloy for 锑 resource application

First, the metal 锑

Antimony is mainly used in the manufacture of metal alloys and semiconductor materials, rubber, dyes, ceramics and other industries are also widely used, is also used for cable sheaths, solder, decorative castings.

Metal enamel is commonly used in enamel glazes, which are commonly used in enamel white glaze (containing metal 锑 9.05%), enamel glaze (containing metal 锑 7.00%), 锑 搪 搪 glaze (containing metal 锑 6.66%, yttrium oxide 2.86%) ) and so on.

Antimony was added as an additive in the tin-lead solder, the role of the weld strength is increased with decreasing the amount of tin added, increasing the lead increases. For example, the content of HISNPB10 solder bismuth is less than 0.15%, while the content of bismuth in HISNPB90-6 solder is 5% to 6%.

Second, bismuth alloy

The main function of niobium in alloys is to increase the hardness of the alloy and to prevent it from oxidizing at room temperature.

Niobium is the most widely used alloying element in lead alloys. The ruthenium is partially dissolved in lead, which increases the hardness and strength of the lead alloy and improves the corrosion resistance of lead to sulfuric acid. When used in chemical equipment and pipeline materials, it is suitable for lead alloy containing about 6% of bismuth; when used as a connecting member, it is preferably 8% to 10%. There are many kinds of lead-containing alloys, which are divided into three groups according to the composition and properties: lead-bismuth alloy, hard lead alloy and extra-hard lead alloy.

Tin alloys significantly increase strength due to the addition of niobium and can be used as bearing materials. Tin alloys are available in SNSB 2-5 (containing 1.9-3.1%) and SNPB 13.5-2.5 (lead 12.0-15.0%, 锑1.75-3.25%). Tin alloy foils are used in the manufacture of parts in the electrical, instrumentation, and other industries. For example, SNSB 2.5 alloy thickness 0.05MM foil can be used as bullet shell bottom fire gasket; SNPB 13.5-2.5 alloy thickness 0.02MM foil can be used to make capacitors.

The more famous bismuth-containing alloys are:

The printed movable type alloy has a composition of 2% to 4% SN, 10% to 13% SB, and 88% to 83% PB, and is characterized in that it is slightly expanded during cooling and solidification, so that a sharply contoured casting can be produced.

Babbitt alloys have tin-based and lead-based bearing alloys with antifriction properties. Named after the American Babbitt invention. Because it is white, it is also called white alloy. The main alloy components are tin, lead, antimony and copper . Niobium and copper are used to increase the strength and hardness of the alloy. The microstructure of the Babbitt alloy is characterized by the uniform distribution of hard phase particles on the soft phase matrix. The soft phase matrix gives the alloy a very good adhesion, compliance and seizure resistance, and after running-in, the soft matrix is ​​concave. The hard point is convex, so that a slight gap is formed between the sliding surfaces, which becomes an oil storage space and a lubricating oil passage, which is favorable for reducing friction; the convex hard point plays a supporting role and is favorable for carrying. In addition to the manufacture of plain bearings, babbitt is often used for the production of bushings due to its soft texture and low strength. Babbitt alloy is divided into tin base (see tin alloy) and lead-based alloy. The latter contains 10% to 20% bismuth and 5% to 15% tin. In order to prevent segregation and refine grains, a small amount of arsenic is often added. Lead-based alloys have lower strength and hardness than tin-based alloys and poor corrosion resistance.

(including tin-based bearing alloys and lead-based bearing alloys) is the most widely known bearing material, named after the American Babbitt invention, because it is white, also known as white alloy, its application can be traced back to the industrial revolution era. Tin-based babbitt and lead-based babbitt with friction-reducing properties are the only materials that are suitable for rotation relative to low-hardness shafts. They have better adaptability and press-fit properties than other bearing materials and are widely used in large scales. Marine diesel engines, turbines, alternators, and other mining machinery and large rotating machinery.

The main components of babbitt are tin, lead, antimony and copper. Among them, bismuth and copper are used to improve the strength and hardness of the alloy. Babbitt alloys can be easily divided into three types: high tin alloys, high lead alloys, and intermediate alloys (both tin and lead in the alloys). In all of these alloy systems, both bismuth and copper are important alloying and hardening elements, and their structure consists of hard intermetallic compounds dispersed in a soft matrix.

The microstructure of the Babbitt alloy is that the hard phase particles are evenly distributed on the soft phase matrix. The soft phase matrix makes the Babbitt alloy have very good adhesion, compliance and seizure resistance, and after running in, the soft matrix Concave, hard point convex, so that a small gap is formed between the sliding surfaces, which becomes an oil storage space and a lubricating oil passage, which is advantageous for reducing friction; the convex hard point plays a supporting role and is favorable for carrying.

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