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Jinchuan nickel ore mining and mining method mining column
Nickel Gold River, Bonanza segment length to 200 ~ 300m, the average thickness of the mine body 30 ~ 70m, angle 60 ~ 70 °, better stability. The rich ore body has 0~15m lean ore body on the upper and lower plates, which has poor integrity and stability. There is a 1~2m thick fracture zone at the contact point of the ore; the contact between the rich and poor ore belt and the porphyry veins in the ore body is also broken, which is easy to fall when exposed to water, often causing difficulties in production. The ore depletion rate and loss rate of the rich ore body are required to be no more than 5% to 6%. In the 1960s and 1970s, the concrete cemented layered filling method was used to return to the mining room, and the mining method was used to recover the inter-column and post-harvest concrete filling. Scheme (Figure 1).
Fig.1 Jinchuan nickel mine mining method
1—filling the roadway; 2—the pedestrian patio; 3—the remnant heap; 4—the funnel opening;
5—contact roadway; 6—slip mine; 7—electric roadway; 8—breakthrough
The main features of the mining column are: (1) it is not allowed to pick up both sides of the concrete filling body at the same time; (2) reserve pedestrian wells and pedestrian communication roadways in the concrete filling body; (3) use concrete artificial bottom columns ( The method is as follows: the full length of the cutting road is opened to the boundary of the stope, and after the height is raised, a space of 5 m in width and 4 to 4.5 m in height is formed; after the ore is finished, a concrete bottom platform of 2 to 2.5 m in height is filled; The top is again pressed to form a space of 5m in width and 4~4.5m in height; after mining, the false alley, the slipping port and the template of the mining funnel are erected, and after sealing and reinforcement, the artificial bottom structure is formed by pouring concrete.
After the ore is discharged, all the funnels in the ramp are tightly sealed. Fill the concrete from the upper filling wellhead (strength R28=3.0-5.0 MPa). The concrete is completely self-flowing in the stope, and it is not easy to pick up the top and bottom plates. To this end, when the last layer is taken back, the top plate of the mining stop is formed by a slope of about 7° inclined upwards and downwards from the filling wellhead.
In order to improve the mining strength and the productivity of the rock drilling work and reduce the workload of the flat field, the 01-45 rock drill has been used to drill the blast hole with a depth of 4 to 5 m and a diameter of 60 mm. Due to the greater damage to the surrounding rock, the concrete columns on both sides and the roof of the stope, the ore loss rate and the depletion rate are increased.
This method has achieved better technical and economic indicators. Therefore, it has been expanded to the mines in two stages, and the mines are recharged after the mining method. However, further practice found that from the mining to the filling, the side exposed area of ​​the pillar is large, and the exposure time is long, which greatly reduces the stability of the pillar. As a result, many pillars are difficult to dig into the patio, and even the concrete bottom cannot be constructed. If the column is not filled in time, the upper and lower plates will collapse; in the process of ore-mining, the surrounding rock fragments will increase the depletion; when the ore is slower, it will be difficult to pick the boundary, even if it is taken. For these reasons, the filling method was changed to the late 1970s.