December 23, 2024

Copper ore (Cuprite)

Cu 2 O

[Chemical composition] often contains mechanical mixtures such as Fe 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 .

[crystal structure] equiaxed crystal system; 360 screenshot20170720090305326 a 0 = 0.426 nm; Z = 2. Red crystal structure of the copper ore is a typical structure. In its crystal structure, O 2- is located at the top and center of the unit cell, and Cu + is located at the center of the four small cubes of the eight small cubes divided by the unit cell, which are staggered from each other (Fig. Y-1). The coordination numbers of Cu + and O 2- are 2 and 4, respectively. Although the oxygen ions are distributed at the top and center of the unit cell, they are not the body-centered grid but the original grid (why? Please think about it).

Picture 1

Figure Y-1 Crystal structure of the cuprite

(quoted from Pan Zhaoyu et al., 1993)

[Form] It is usually a dense granular or soil-like aggregate, sometimes in the form of needles or hair (Figure Y-2). The single crystal is equiaxed, and the main form has a polyhedron of octahedron {111} or cube {100} and rhombohedron {110}, but the latter is rare.

Figure Y-2 Crystal aggregate of the cuprite

[Physical properties] dark red to nearly black; streak maroon; adamantyl gloss to the semi-metallic luster; slightly transparent sheet. The cleavage is not complete. Hardness 3.5 to 4.0. The relative density is 5.85 to 6.15. Crisp.

[genesis and occurrence] mainly found in the oxidation zone of copper deposits, which is the product of oxidation of copper-containing sulfides. Often associated with natural copper, malachite and so on.

[Identification features] diamond gloss, dark red and brown stripes. There is a copper flame reaction, soluble in nitric acid, the solution is green, and the ammonia is added to blue. A drop of HCl was added to the streak to produce a white CuCl 2 precipitate.

[Main use] It can be used as a mineral raw material for copper smelting when the output is large.

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