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On December 18, the National Standards Committee issued the national standard for the fifth phase of vehicle gasoline in China, namely the “National Five Gasoline Standardâ€, and it will be implemented as of the date of release. From January 1, 2018, five gasoline will be supplied nationwide. The implementation of the new standard will help reduce the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles and is of great significance for protecting the environment and improving air quality.
Reduces sulfur content by 80%
The national five-gasoline standard was verified by experts from the National Petroleum Products and Lubricant Standardization Technical Committee and was drafted with reference to European standards. According to the responsible person of the National Standards Committee, the main change of the new standard compared with the fourth phase of the gasoline standard can be summarized as “increasing three reductions and two adjustmentsâ€.
"Three reductions" refers to lowering the limit values ​​of sulfur content, manganese content, and olefin content.
Among them, sulfur content is the most critical environmental protection indicator in motor gasoline. In order to further improve the capacity of the automobile exhaust gas purification system, the sulfur content index limit is reduced from 50 ppm in the fourth stage to 10 ppm, that is, sulfur content per kilogram is not higher than 10 mg, which is reduced by 80%;
Taking into account the potential risks of manganese to human health and the adverse impact on vehicle emission control systems, the new standard adopts the precautionary principle in terms of health and environmental responsibility, and limits the manganese content index from the fourth phase of 8 mg/L. It is 2mg/L, and artificial addition of manganese-containing additives is prohibited;
In order to further reduce the photochemical pollution caused by the evaporation of gasoline and reduce the deposits of automobile engine air intake system, the olefin content was reduced from 28% in the fourth stage to 24%.
"Two adjustments" refers to the adjustment of vapor pressure and grades.
The lower limit of winter vapor pressure increased from 42kpa in the fourth phase to 45kpa. The upper limit of summer steam pressure is reduced from 68kpa in the fourth phase to 65kpa. The country's five gasoline brands were adjusted from No. 90, No. 93 and No. 97 to No. 89, No. 92 and No. 95 respectively.
“One increase†means that for the purpose of further ensuring the fuel economy of the vehicle is relatively stable, the density index is set for the first time in the new standard, and its value is 720-775 kg/m3 at 20°C.
The upgrading of production technology requires the implementation of the new gasoline standard in the four-year transition period, which will bring about improvement in air quality. This is the issue that people are most concerned about. “From the 'National IV' to 'State Five', vehicle emissions will be significantly reduced.†Bao Xiaofeng, deputy chief engineer of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, told reporters that after upgrading of oil products, the total pollutant emissions of currently used vehicles can be reduced by 10%. %-15%, and the new vehicle's nitrogen oxide emissions can be reduced by about 25%. According to the calculation of the National Standards Committee, after the implementation of the standard, it is estimated that 300,000 tons of nitrogen oxides can be reduced annually when the vehicle is used, and the new vehicle can reduce nitrogen oxides by about 90,000 tons in 5 years.
The relevant person in charge of the National Standards Committee stated that from now on to the nationwide supply of five petrol, a four-year transitional period was set aside. “One is to take into account different environmental pressures, requirements, and schedules, and the other is to consider oil production. Enterprise technology upgrades, equipment transformation needs."
During the 4-year transition period, will it be a bit long? “The key to the new standard is the reduction of sulfur content. For oil production companies, it is just the main equipment for increasing desulfurization—hydrogenation reactors will take a longer period, and sometimes they will wait a year and a half after ordering. In place.†Zhang Guoxiang, a refiner expert from China National Offshore Oil Corporation, believes that it is necessary to set up a transitional period. “However, before January 1, 2018, oil production companies should be able to ensure production and ensure that the country supplies five gasoline.â€
Beijing, Shanghai and the Soviet Union implemented five oil prices rose by 4 cents National Development and Reform Commission announced in September this year, the regional auto gas and diesel oil upgrade to the fourth and fifth stage of price adjustment standards. The quality of motor gasoline in various regions will be upgraded to 290 yuan (about 0.21 yuan per liter) in the fourth stage, and will be upgraded to 170 yuan per ton in the fifth stage after the end of 2017.
At present, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places have already implemented the equivalent of the national five-standard gasoline. The average price of gasoline rose by about 4 cents per liter.
The executive meeting of the State Council proposed that the price of refined oil be reasonably determined based on the principle of reasonable compensation costs, high quality and preferential prices, and polluter pays. The National Development and Reform Commission also said earlier that the oil quality upgrade and price increase standard is based on the principle that oil refining companies absorb a part of the cost and consumers take part in the cost, and the company will bear about 30% of the cost increase.
Xu Hui, secretary-general of the Petrochemical Standards Committee, said that the upgrading of gasoline quality requires refineries to increase the number of production plant modifications, production process adjustments, and catalyst upgrades, all of which require a lot of investment and require a few years of transition time.
The survey of completed refineries and upgrading of refineries shows that the cost of upgrading and transforming equipment for refineries is as low as a few billion yuan, and as much as several billion yuan. “It is difficult to accurately account for the different costs of different refineries,†said Dong Xiucheng, director of the China Oil and Gas Industry Development Research Center at China University of Petroleum. The government can only seek relative value through accounting, and it is between producers and consumers. Apportionment.