China's annual loss of grain reached 70 billion jins to guard against waste outside the table

China's grain production has increased year after year, but the phenomenon of food waste and loss in various links still exists. According to estimates, the total amount of waste lost in the grain storage, storage, transportation, processing and other aspects of grain production in China is more than 70 billion jin per year, equivalent to 200 million rations per year.

China's annual loss of grain reached 70 billion jins to guard against waste outside the table

While reducing the waste on the table, the waste outside the table can not be ignored. From harvesting to processing, what are the main wastes of waste? How should we reduce losses to a large extent? What are the effects of China's grain depletion and efficiency gains? The reporter visited a number of places to conduct an investigation.

Grain harvesting process

Improper loss

Li Weiquan of Yicheng City, Hubei Province, cooperated with others to set up a family farm and transferred more than 1,600 mu of land to grow wheat. “Every year, the harvest is good, and the average yield per mu is more than 1,000 pounds.” Li Weiquan said, “Mechanized harvesting saves effort and effort, but there is still some waste, which is very distressing.” Because the straw is falling, the plot is uneven, the harvester rubs back and forth, The acreage will probably lose about 30 pounds of grain.

A cadre who has worked in the agricultural machinery department for a long time told reporters that the performance and harvesting speed of the harvester are the main causes of waste. In order to catch up with efficiency, some harvester drivers generally travel faster than normal speeds during harvesting, often resulting in rice grains. Not completely separated from the straw, it was thrown out of the harvester.

The land transferred by Ding Shui-kun, a large grain-growing household in Erwan Village, Yihe Town, Yinghe City, mainly relies on manual harvesting. More than 20 workers are required for a busy season. Ding Shui-kun said, "Everyone cuts a slap, although it is slow, it will not drop the ears of wheat, and no one will be willing to throw it." But at the same time, after the food is ripe, it may be threshed when harvested and stacked, and directly fell to On the ground. After harvesting, it will be used in the yard or on the road.

Scientific storage of food

Beware of insect bites

The loss of food after harvesting is the storage of farmers. According to a sample survey conducted by the National Grain Administration, the loss of grain storage in rural areas was about 10.2% in the northeast region, followed by the northwest region, which was about 8.8%. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghuaihai region were about 7.4% and 5% respectively. In the loss of farmer's grain storage, the damage caused by rodent damage is serious, and the root cause of the loss is the poor storage of grain storage facilities, poor storage conditions, and lack of science and technology.

According to the relevant person in charge of the State Grain Administration, there is a large gap in China's warehouse capacity. According to estimates, the storage gap of the grain core production areas in Northeast China once reached 50 billion jin, and some areas adopted open-air grain storage, and grassroots grain in other major grain-producing areas such as Henan, Hebei, and Shandong. The storage and storage outlets have shrunk severely. Many counties in the western regions, mountainous areas, reservoir areas and remote areas have no warehouses, no shops, no ones. However, many warehouses in the old warehouses have hidden dangers of disease storage.

The cadres of Xinfa Village, Jidian Town, Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang, have said that some villagers basically do not have special tools for storing grain. Generally, the grain recovered in the ground is directly exposed on the ground of the courtyard, commonly known as “ground grain”. In this way, it is difficult to avoid the loss of food due to moisture and mildew, and it is also vulnerable to rat infestation.

In this regard, the national grain department promotes new grain storage technologies such as grain detection, horizontal ventilation, nitrogen-filled circulation and circulation cooling, comprehensively repairs the “dangerous warehouses and old warehouses”, and strengthens the construction of new warehouses in major producing areas such as the Northeast region. The warehouse capacity is about 145 billion jin, and the repair and renovation of the “dangerous old warehouse” is about 246 billion jin. By the end of last year, the local grain departments had piloted nearly 10 million sets of standardized scientific grain storage equipment for farmers in the country, which caused the average grain loss rate of these farmers to drop by 6% on average, and the farmers reduced food losses by 2.3 billion jin per year.