In CNC turning, a chuck (or specialized clamp) holds bars of material and, as they are rotated, a tool is fed to the piece to remove material to create a specific shape. A turret, which holds a group of tools, is programmed to move along the work piece in three different axes of motion to shape the material according to the assigned specifications.
Since CNC turning involves removing material from a work piece, it`s considered a [subtraction machining" process. It is done on a lathe machine, which can be used on all types of material, from wood to metal to plastic. It can also be done on a mill or a drill press.
Turning is primarily used to create cylindrical parts. It can be completed on the outside or the inside of a work piece, which is known as boring. The process can also be used to conduct various other operations, including:
· Grooving: Cuts grooves or creates narrow cavities in work pieces.
· Taper turning: Creates a gradually decreasing diameter in a cylindrical shape.
· Drilling: Produces round holes, which are typically for screws and bolts.
· Facing: Cuts a flat surface perpendicular to the axes of the milling cutter.
· Parting: Separates one part of the work piece from another.
· Knurling: Creates vertical, horizontal or crossing lines on the work piece.
· Threading: Makes grooves that can be screwed into other objects.
CNC Turning process
l Creating a digital representation of the part in CAD
l Creating the machining code from the CAD files
l CNC lathe setup
l Manufacturing of the turned parts
Capabilities
Typical
Feasible
Shapes:
Thin-walled: Cylindrical
Part size:
Diameter: 0.02 - 80 in
Materials:
Metals
Ceramics
Surface finish - Ra:
16 - 125 μin
2 - 250 μin
Tolerance:
± 0.001 in.
± 0.0002 in.
Max wall thickness:
0.02 - 2.5 in.
0.02 - 80 in.
Quantity:
1 - 1000
1 - 1000000
Advantages:
All materials compatible
Disadvantages:
Limited to rotational parts
Applications:
Machine components, shafts, engine components
Suitable Materials for Turning
In turning, the raw form of the material is a piece of stock from which the workpieces are cut. This stock is available in a variety of shapes such as solid cylindrical bars and hollow tubes. Custom extrusions or existing parts such as castings or forgings are also sometimes used.
Turning can be performed on a variety of materials, including most metals and plastics. Common materials that are used in turning include the following:
l Aluminum
l Brass
l Magnesium
l Nickel
l Steel
l Thermoset plastics
l Titanium
l Zinc
When selecting a material, several factors must be considered, including the cost, strength, resistance to wear, and machinability. The machinability of a material is difficult to quantify, but can be following characteristics:
l Results in a good surface finish
l Promotes long tool life
l Requires low force and power to turn
l Provides easy collection of chips
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What is CNC Turning
Solid: Cylindrical
Alloy Steel
Carbon Steel
Cast Iron
Stainless Steel
Aluminum
Copper
Magnesium
Zinc
Composites
Lead
Nickel
Tin
Titanium
Elastomer
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
Very good tolerances
Short lead times
Part may require several operations and machines
High equipment cost
Significant tool wear
Large amount of scrap
Analysis of the accumulated revenue of the main business in the national lighting industry in 2014
In 2014, the national main business revenue of the lighting industry was 6.96, which was higher than the average profit rate of the light industry's average main business income of 0.69 percentage points. From the comparison of small industry categories, the accumulated profit margin of the main business of electric light source manufacturing is 7.3, which is higher than the other two categories. In 2014, the national lighting industry accumulated the main business income profit rate industry small category comparison from the perspective of holding type, collective holdings accumulated the main business income profit rate of the highest, 13.12; followed by private holdings, the cumulative main business income profit rate of 7.4 Both are above the industry average. In 2014, the national lighting industry's cumulative main business income margin rate control comparison from the regional comparison, Hainan, Gansu, Henan, the national lighting industry accumulated the top three profit margins of the main business income. Among them, the top three regions in the electric light source manufacturing cumulative main business income profit rate are Henan, Sichuan and Hebei. According to the scale of the enterprise, the profit rate of the main business income of large enterprises is 8.84, the profit rate of the main business income of medium-sized enterprises is 7.21, and the profit rate of the main business income of small enterprises is 5.73. 2014 National Lighting Industry Accumulated Main Business Income Profit Rate Firm Size Comparison