Safety and hygiene of electrolytic manganese powder production

First, security
1. explosion-proof metal manganese powder is flammable and explosive substances in the production and preservation, we must pay attention to fire and explosion.
The greater the heat of combustion of dust, the smaller the particles, the faster the oxidation rate and the easier it is to burn. There are three conditions for dust explosion: 1 dust concentration, dust of different substances, different explosion concentration, explosion concentration of metal manganese powder is 210g/m ³ ; 2 combustion-supporting substance, that is, oxygen concentration; 3 temperature, that is, open flame or spark The dust reaches the minimum temperature required for combustion. Therefore, prevention should be prevented from the above three aspects.
2. Fire Fighting Knowledge There are three conditions for the burning of substances, namely, flammable substances, flammable substances and sources of ignition. Extinguishing means stopping the burning of substances, that is, eliminating the conditions for the burning of substances. There are three methods for general fire extinguishing: the suffocation method is to cancel the combustion-supporting substance and the ignition source; the isolation method is to restrict and stop the combustion of the combustible material into the combustion zone; the cooling method is to lower the temperature of the burning substance and lower the temperature to the spontaneous combustion point of the combustible material. the following. The self-ignition point of the metal manganese powder is 450 ° C, and the burning manganese powder is suitable for the suffocation method and the isolation method. The fire-fighting operation is to first cover the fire source with asbestos , and then dry the powdered fire-extinguishing material on the asbestos until the flame is extinguished. In order to prevent the spread of fire and to avoid the explosion of the mixture of dust and dust, it is not allowed to cause dust to fly when the fire is extinguished. It is not allowed to break the window glass to avoid the formation of a wind. The container containing the product should be immediately transferred to a safe place. If the body is on fire, you can't run around, you must quickly take off your clothes or use asbestos, and the scorpion is extinguished. When the equipment is inside or indoors, immediately stop the equipment, shut down all valves, and extinguish the fire.
3. Safety and fire prevention technology Manganese powder is a flammable and explosive material, and the production operation area is a Class I fireproof secondary explosion-proof area. Therefore, there are corresponding safety technical requirements for plant construction, equipment used for production, manufacturing process and storage warehouse.
The distance between the production plant and the surrounding buildings shall be calculated according to the formula of the air shock wave:

Where R - safety distance, m;
Q——the quality of the stored powder, kg;
K——constant, generally takes 4~8.
The plant should have a pressure relief area, the ratio of the pressure relief area to the plant volume should be 0.05~0.10m ² /m ³ , and the pressure relief facilities can adopt light roofing. The material should have the performance of fire prevention and dust accumulation. The plant can be equipped with an explosion-proof wall and equipped with explosion-proof doors, warning signs and evacuation exits. The electrical equipment used in the production is well connected to the electrical protection grounding (zero) device. The mechanical equipment used is well connected to the electrostatic protection grounding device. The two devices must not be connected together. The closed production system must also be equipped with an explosion-proof cylinder. Inert gas protection should be provided during the production process, and it is strictly prohibited to carry out at high temperatures.
When there is a need to move fire in the factory, the location of the fire and the surrounding environment must be thoroughly cleaned. When the equipment is on fire, the equipment must be thoroughly cleaned. The partially detachable parts should be detached and sent to a safe place for fire. For disassembly or difficult to disassemble, the front and rear parts of the fire must be disconnected from the equipment system or separated by a partition. Prepare adequate fire-fighting tools and materials before the fire to develop effective fire prevention measures.
Second, health
Manganese is one of the essential trace elements in the human body. The manganese ingested by the human body is absorbed in the intestines and is mainly distributed in the muscles, internal organs and brain. Manganese is a component of various enzymes in the human body and plays an important role in cell metabolism. When manganese is deficient, it causes osteoporosis, skeletal malformation, cartilage damage and other diseases, but excessive exposure can cause harm to the body and cause poisoning. The clinical manifestations of manganese poisoning are: mild to neurasthenic syndrome and autonomic dysfunction, which may cause symptoms such as drowsiness, insomnia, headache, fatigue, and memory loss. Some patients are prone to nausea, increased salivation, loss of libido, excessive sweating, numbness or pain in the limbs, weakness of the legs, and so on. The heavy language is low, the behavior is slow, the feelings are indifferent or impulsive, often accompanied by mental symptoms. Therefore, labor protection and health work must be done well. The specific approach is:
(1) Dust-proof measures should be taken in places where manganese dust is generated. Respirators should be used in positions exposed to manganese dust, and smoking and eating should be prohibited in the workplace.
(2) For those with neurological diseases, obvious neurasthenia syndrome, various mental illnesses, and obvious endocrine diseases, it is forbidden to work.
(3) Regular monitoring experience.

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